Diseases of the thyroid gland are among the most common endocrine disorders. The most frequently occurring diseases of the thyroid gland are nodular and non-toxic multinodular goiter. The number of patients with benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid gland is increasing. Often patients are diagnosed with toxic goiter and autoimmune thyroiditis - thyroid diseases developing on the background of violations of the autoimmune system regulatory mechanisms.

Patients with diseases of the thyroid gland, depending on the nature of the lesions, may require as a conservative (medicinal) as a low-invasive (non-operating) and surgical methods of treatment. In any thyroid pathology, the treatment should be aimed at reducing the functional load on the gland.

The use of hormonal drugs (Cytomel, etc.) may be reasonable to assess the state of the thyroid gland, supporting it if there is no possibility of another treatment or diagnostic purposes, as well as in context of the surgically removed thyroid gland. In the latter case, the use of hormonal drugs is mandatory for the rest of life. Another direction in the treatment of thyroid disorders and prevention of the disease is to eliminate the causes, conditions and factors that increase the functional load on the gland. These activities are implemented through changes in lifestyle, correction of diet and some habits that affect the pathology.

In case of the iodine deficiency, it is advised to take preventive measures in form bio supplements containing iodine. However, prescription of iodine is contraindicated in patients with hyperthyroidism and nodular goiter in combination with signs of autonomy in the node.