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Clomid or clomiphene citrate, also spelled clomifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator.
Clomid increase the production of gonadotopins
Clomid increases the production of gonadotopins through inhibiting a certain mechanism in the brain of the patient. The preparation is mainly used for the following conditions:
- Anovulation
- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
- Irregular menstruation
The therapeutic effects of Clomid: At 7 days past ovulation, high levels of estrogen and progesterone cause negative feedback inhibition at the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. As a result, decreased LH levels leads to atrophy of the corpus luteum, subsequently leading to decreased production of estrogen and progesterone. This will release the feedback inhibition of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, causing the FSH level to rise again at day 22.
Clomiphene is given at day 2 menses. By that time, FSH level is rising steadily, causing development of a few follicles. Follicles in turn produce the estrogen, which circulates in serum. Clomiphene acts by inhibiting the action of estrogen on the hypothalamus. Zuclomifene, the more active isomer (see below), binds to estrogen receptors and stays bound for long periods of time. This prevents normal receptor recycling and causes an effective reduction in hypothalamic estrogen receptor number. As a result, the body perceives a low level of estrogen, similar to day 22 in the previous cycle. Since estrogen can no longer effectively exert negative feedback on the hypothalamus, GnRH secretion becomes more pulsatile, which results in increased pituitary gonadotropin (FSH, LH) release. Increased FSH level causes growth of more ovarian follicles, and subsequently rupture of follicles resulting in ovulation.
The drug exhibits the following side effects:
- Flashes
- Abdominal pain
- Blurred vision
- Ovarian enlargement
- Cyst formation
- Abnormal bleeding
- Nausea or vomiting
- Ovarian hyperstimulation
- Reversible alopecia
In comparison to treatment with purified FSH, the rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is low. There may be an increased risk of ovarian cancer and weight gain.
Use in bodybuilding
Clomifene is commonly used by male anabolic steroid users to bind the estrogen receptors in their bodies, thereby blocking the effects of estrogen, such as gynecomastia. It also restores the body's natural production of testosterone. It is commonly used as a "recovery drug" and taken toward the end of a steroid cycle.[citation needed] Some users report that taking Clomid increases the amount of fluid produced during ejaculation.
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